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Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of 3% boric acid solution (BAS) against (CA) infection the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/T helper 17...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of 3% boric acid solution (BAS) against (CA) infection the interleukin-23 (IL-23)/T helper 17 cell (Th17) axis. 36 female mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, and 2 injection sites on the back of the mice were chosen at random. Group N was injected with sterile water for injection (SWFI), and Group M and Group B were injected with CA mycelium suspension. After successful model verification, the remaining mice entered the following treatments 5 days later. Group B was treated with 3% BAS, Group M was treated with SWFI, and Group N was not treated. Levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-22, and IL-23 in mouse blood were measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of treatment. On day 7, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 in mouse skin were detected. Serum levels of IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 in Group M were higher than in Group N on the first day of treatment ( < 0.05). Expression levels of IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 in the epidermis of the skin lesions in Group M were higher than in Group N on day 7 ( < 0.05). The serum level of IL-17 in Group B was higher than in Group M on days 5 and 7 ( < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-22 in Group B on days 1, 5, and 7 were higher than in Group M ( < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-23 in Group B were higher than in Group M on days 3, 5, and 7 ( < 0.05). IL-17 and IL-23 in Group B reached a peak on day 5, significantly different on days 1, 3, and 7 ( < 0.05). The expression intensity of IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 in the skin lesions of Group B was higher than that of Group M on day 7 ( < 0.05). We conclude that IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 are involved in the anti-CA activity in mouse skin, and 3% BAS increased IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 to mediate these effects.
PubMed: 35783379
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919677 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Jan 2023Boric acid is a vital micronutrient in animals; however, excess amounts are toxic to them. Little is known about whole-body boric acid homeostasis in animals. Seawater...
Boric acid is a vital micronutrient in animals; however, excess amounts are toxic to them. Little is known about whole-body boric acid homeostasis in animals. Seawater (SW) contains 0.4 mM boric acid, and since marine fish drink SW, their urinary system was used here as a model of the boric acid excretion system. We determined that the bladder urine of a euryhaline pufferfish (river pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus) acclimated to fresh water and SW contained 0.020 and 19 mM of boric acid, respectively (a 950-fold difference), indicating the presence of a powerful excretory renal system for boric acid. Slc4a11 is a potential animal homolog of the plant boron transporter BOR1; however, mammalian Slc4a11 mediates H (OH) conductance but does not transport boric acid. We found that renal expression of the pufferfish paralog of Slc4a11, Slc4a11A, was markedly induced after transfer from fresh water to SW, and Slc4a11A was localized to the apical membrane of kidney tubules. When pufferfish Slc4a11A was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, exposure to media containing boric acid and a voltage clamp elicited whole-cell outward currents, a marked increase in pH, and increased boron content. In addition, the activity of Slc4a11A was independent of extracellular Na. These results indicate that pufferfish Slc4a11A is an electrogenic boric acid transporter that functions as a B(OH) uniporter, B(OH)-OH cotransporter, or B(OH)/H exchanger. These observations suggest that Slc4a11A is involved in the kidney tubular secretion of boric acid in SW fish, probably induced by the negative membrane potential and low pH of urine.
Topics: Animals; Boron; Kidney; Membrane Transport Proteins; Seawater; Fishes; Takifugu
PubMed: 36435196
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102740 -
Current Medical Mycology Jun 2023This review aimed to compare the efficacy of acidifying agents and clotrimazole in the treatment of patients with otomycosis. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
This review aimed to compare the efficacy of acidifying agents and clotrimazole in the treatment of patients with otomycosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The databases, including Research Gate, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Embase, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and library databases of clinical trials were searched in this study. The keywords were "Fungal Ear Infection" and "Otitis External" for otomycosis, "Clotrimazole", Lotrimin", "Mycelex", "Desenex", and "Clotrimaderm Mycoderm" for clotrimazole, and "Boric Acid Alcohol", "Alcohol-vinegar solution", Burow solution (Domeboro), "Isopropyl Alcohol", "VoSol" and "Acetic Acid" for acidifying agents. Regarding search strategy, a total of 53 studies were collected, 11 of which were maintained for assessment. Almost all studies were published after 1990. These articles discussed the role of clotrimazole and acidifying compounds in the treatment of otomycosis. Moreover, the route of administration, dosage, and side effects of these medications were highlighted.
RESULTS
Eight studies had similar results and claimed that clotrimazole has the best or most significant effect on the treatment of otomycosis for patients suffering from pain, itching, swelling, and hearing loss.
CONCLUSION
Although all medications appear effective, there is a paucity of evidence to fully support the decision to choose between clotrimazole or acidifying agents for the treatment of otomycosis in terms of both efficacy and safety. However, in the biomedical field, the re-emerging investigation attention is due to the statements of a number of mechanisms defending the use of acidifying agents to treat mycosis (of antifungal-resistant species).
PubMed: 38375517
DOI: 10.18502/cmm.2023.345035.1402 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Dec 2020Inhibition of bone resorption is essential for periodontal treatment. Recently, it has been suggested that boric acid suppresses periodontitis, but the mechanism of this...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Inhibition of bone resorption is essential for periodontal treatment. Recently, it has been suggested that boric acid suppresses periodontitis, but the mechanism of this inhibition is still not well understood. Therefore, to analyze the cellular response to boric acid administration, we histologically evaluated alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis of rats administered boric acid.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
5-0 silk ligatures were placed around the cervix of the second maxillary molars of 4 week-old rats treated with or without boric acid. Five and 14 days after ligature placement, the periodontal tissues between first and second molars were investigated histologically and immunohistochemically using antibodies to CD68, cathepsin K, and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA).
RESULTS
Five days after the beginning of the experiment, many CD68-positive cells appeared in the periodontal tissues with ligature placement without boric acid administration. Also, the number of cathepsin K-positive osteoclasts had increased on the surface of alveolar bone. However, boric acid administration prevented severe bone resorption and reduced the number of cells positive for CD68 and cathepsin K. At day 14 post treatment, cells positive for α-SMA were seen in the periodontal tissues after boric acid administration, whereas no such cells were found around the alveolar bone without the administration of boric acid.
CONCLUSION
Boric acid inhibited the inflammation of ligature-induced periodontitis. This agent might reduce bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and also could accelerate osteoblastogenesis.
PubMed: 33505614
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.09.009 -
Turkish Journal of Chemistry 2020In this study, boric acid (BA) is employed as a crosslinking agent to improve the characteristics of two commonly used polymeric films, ethyl cellulose (EC) and...
In this study, boric acid (BA) is employed as a crosslinking agent to improve the characteristics of two commonly used polymeric films, ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), for topical drug delivery applications. The developed films are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis. The results show that the surfaces of the prepared films are even and transparent, except for the BA-modified EC sample. The initial cumulative release for erythromycin (EM) is found to be 0.30 and 0.36 mg/mL for EC and PVA films, which drops to 0.25 and 0.20 mg/mL after BA crosslinking, respectively, after 1 h at 25 °C. Further, the developed formulations are stable for 75 days. Also, the antibacterial activity of the developed formulations is investigated against (ATCC® 25923™ and ATCC® 29213™). The obtained data confirm that the application of BA as the crosslinking agent extends the release of EM from EC and PVA polymeric films. The findings of this study suggest that BA-crosslinked EC and PVA films are promising carriers for controlled topical drug delivery applications.
PubMed: 33488265
DOI: 10.3906/kim-2008-23 -
Breaking Bad Delirium: Methamphetamine and Boric Acid Toxicity with Hallucinations and Pseudosepsis.Southern Medical Journal Feb 2017A 30-year-old patient presented with hallucinations and profound shock. He was initially misdiagnosed as having severe sepsis; once ingestions were considered, he was...
OBJECTIVES
A 30-year-old patient presented with hallucinations and profound shock. He was initially misdiagnosed as having severe sepsis; once ingestions were considered, he was diagnosed as potentially having arsenic toxicity.
SUMMARY
The clinical story reveals many instructional lessons that could aid in the evaluation and management of future patients. This man presented with large amounts of blue crystals around his nose and lips from inhaling and eating boric acid (an ant poison) so he could, as he put it, kill the ants "pouring into my mouth and nose and up into my brain." His profound pseudosepsis and sustained delirium were induced by co-ingestion of methamphetamine and a large quantity of boric acid. Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction that often is multifactorial in critical illness and, when seen in septic shock, is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, increased length of hospital stay, medical costs, higher mortality, and long-term cognitive impairment resembling dementia. Pseudosepsis is a noninfectious condition most commonly seen with ingestions such as salicylate (aspirin) toxicity.
CONCLUSIONS
This report emphasizes the need to recognize agents that contain boric acid as an etiology of unexplained delirium and profound shock.
Topics: Adult; Boric Acids; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Delirium; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; Hallucinations; Humans; Insecticides; Male; Methamphetamine; Shock, Septic
PubMed: 28158885
DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000000599 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2023Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. Boric acid (BA) contributes significantly to...
INTRODUCTION
Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. Boric acid (BA) contributes significantly to the protection of the brain by reducing lipid peroxidation and supporting antioxidant defense. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of BA treatment in AD rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Four groups were formed as Control (C), Alzheimer's (A), Alzheimer's + Boric acid (ABA), Boric acid (BA). Intracerebroventricular injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) was preferred to create an AD. After 4 weeks, BA was applied 3 times every other day. The Radial Arm Maze Test (RAMT) was used to evaluate memory and learning abilities. Biochemical and histopathological evaluations were made in the hippocampus.
RESULTS
Initial RAMT inlet/outlet (I/O) numbers were similar. Two weeks after STZ injection, I/O numbers decreased in group A and ABA compared to group C and BA (p<0.05). After the second BA application, I/O numbers increased in the ABA group compared to the A group (p<0.05). In group A, PON-1, TOS and OSI levels were higher and TAS levels were lower than in groups BA and C. After BA treatment, PON-1 and OSI levels were lower in the ABA group than in the A group (p<0.05). Although there was an increase in TAS value and a decrease in TOS, this did not make a statistical difference. The thickness of the pyramidal cell in CA1 and the granular cell layers in the dentate gyrus, and the number of intact and degenerated neurons in the pyramidal cell layer were similar between the groups.
DISCUSSION
Significant improvement in learning and memory abilities after BA application is promising for AD.
CONCLUSION
These results show that BA application positively affects learning and memory abilities, and reduces oxidative stress. More extensive studies are required to evaluate histopathological efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Brain; Boric Acids
PubMed: 37220543
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S405963 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021A new multifunctional dendritic nanocatalyst containing boric acid and 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate covalently attached to core-shell silica-coated magnetite...
A new multifunctional dendritic nanocatalyst containing boric acid and 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate covalently attached to core-shell silica-coated magnetite (FeO@SiO@PTS-THEIC-(CH)OB(OH)) was designed and properly characterized by different spectroscopic or microscopic methods as well as analytical techniques used for mesoporous materials. It was found that the combination of both aromatic π-π stacking and boron-oxygen ligand interactions affords supramolecular arrays of dendrons. Furthermore, the use of boric acid makes this dendritic catalyst a good choice, from corrosion, recyclability and cost points of view. The catalytic activity of FeO@SiO@PTS-THEIC-(CH)OB(OH), as an efficient magnetically recoverable catalyst, was investigated for the synthesis of polyhydroacridines (PHAs) as well as polyhydroquinolines (PHQs) via one-pot multicomponent reactions of dimedone and/or ethyl acetoacetate, different aldehydes and ammonium acetate in EtOH under reflux conditions. Very low loading of the catalyst, high to quantitative yields of the desired PHAs or PHQs products, short reaction times, wide scope of the substrates, eliminating any toxic heavy metals or corrosive reagents for the modification of the catalyst, and simple work-up procedure are remarkable advantages of this green protocol. An additional advantage of this magnetic nanoparticles catalyst is its ability to be separated and recycled easily from the reaction mixture with minimal efforts in six subsequent runs without significant loss of its catalytic activity. This magnetic and dendritic catalyst can be extended to new two- and three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with different applications.
PubMed: 33504833
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80884-z -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Oct 2022The current work clarifies the negative effects of excess exposure to boric acid (HBO) as a boron-containing compound on rats and the possible ameliorative effect of...
The current work clarifies the negative effects of excess exposure to boric acid (HBO) as a boron-containing compound on rats and the possible ameliorative effect of melatonin (MEL). Forty rats were equally divided into 5 groups as follows: group 1 was treated as control while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered corn oil (0.5 ml), HBO (1330 mg/kg BW), MEL (10 mg/kg BW) and HBO + MEL for 28 consecutive days, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood was sampled for biochemical and hematological analysis and tissues were collected for histopathological examination. The obtained results demonstrated that the exposure to HBO induced hepatorenal dysfunctions, alterations in bone-related minerals and hormones levels, prostaglandin E2 as inflammatory mediator and hematological indices. HBO induced histological alterations in the liver, kidneys, bone and skin. The co-administration of MEL with HBO resulted in a significant improvement in most of the measured parameters and restoration of morpho-functional state of different organs compared to the HBO group. In conclusion, the study clearly demonstrated that HBO- induced various adverse effects and that melatonin may be beneficial in a partial mitigating the HBO and may represent a novel approach in the counteracting its toxicity.
PubMed: 36060109
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103425 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023In this study, seven types of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids were selected to form composite catalysts with boric acid, and their catalytic properties were studied using the...
In this study, seven types of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids were selected to form composite catalysts with boric acid, and their catalytic properties were studied using the catalytic hydration of α-pinene. The results showed that the composite catalyst of boric acid and tartaric acid had the highest catalytic activity. With an α-pinene, water, acetic acid, tartaric acid, and boric acid mass ratio of 10:10:25:0.5:0.4, the reaction temperature was 60 °C, the reaction time was 24 h, the conversion of α-pinene was 96.1%, and the selectivity of terpineol was 58.7%. The composite catalyst composed of boric acid and mandelic acid directly catalyzed the hydration of α-pinene in the absence of a solvent. Under the optimal conditions, the conversion of α-pinene reached 96.1%, and the selectivity of terpineol was 55.5%. When the composite catalyst catalyzed α-pinene to synthesize terpineol in one step, the terpineol was optically active, and terpineol synthesized using the two-step method with the dehydration of -menthane-1,8-diol monohydrate was racemic. These composite catalysts may offer good application prospects in the synthesis of terpineol.
PubMed: 37049965
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073202